"Investigating the composition of our Universe, we find that only 5% of it consists of matter that we know; matter that consists of electrons, protons,
and neutrons and emits and absorbs photons and neutrinos. We find that the remaining 95% comes from two more components: Dark matter and dark energy. These two components at
this current stage of the evolution of our Universe constitute 27% and 68% of its total energy content. We call these components "dark" since unlike normal matter, they do not
emit or absorb any form of light: we can not “see” them, not even indirectly by them “blocking” light from other objects like stars or galaxies."
"LZ is a next generation dark matter experiment; the LZ detector consists of 10 tonnes total
of liquified xenon to detect faint interactions between galactic dark matter and regular matter. Dark matter comprises about 85% of the mass of the Universe,
and its particle nature is still unknown."
"The ArDM (Argon Dark Matter) Experiment aims at direct Dark Matter detection based on a ton-scale
liquid argon (LAr) double-phase time projection chamber (TPC). The ArDM-1t detector is the largest two-phase liquid argon detector for Dark Matter Searches in the world."
"The XMASS experiment aims to directly detect the cold dark matter using liquid Xenon (at about -100℃). Dark matter is
unknown matter which is 5~6 times quantity of ordinary visible matter in the universe. Dark matter plays an important role to form the present structure of the universe. If the direct
detection of the dark matter is achieved, it can be a great help to solve the mysteries of the universe and also to discover new particles."
"The XENON dark matter experiment is installed underground at the Laboratory Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN, Italy.
A 62 kg liquid xenon target is operated as a dual phase (liquid/gas) time projection chamber to search for interactions of dark matter particles."
"The PICASSO experiment uses as a fluorine loaded active liquid C4F10, which is dispersed in the form of 50-100 µm diameter
droplets in a polymerized or viscous medium. If a dark matter particle, hits an F- atom in a droplet, the recoiling F-atom deposits its kinetic energy on its track in the surrounding liquid.
A tiny proto-bubble forms and grows explosively until the entire droplet is transformed into a vapor bubble. This mini-explosion is accompanied by an acoustic pulse, which can be picked up by
piezo electric sensors."
"LUX is a time-projection chamber which allows 3D positioning of interactions occurring within its active volume. LUX targets 368 kilograms
of liquefied ultra-pure xenon, which is a scintillator: interactions inside the xenon will create an amount of light, proportional to the amount of energy deposited. That light can be collected on arrays
of light detectors sensitive to a single photon, lending the LUX detector a low enough energy threshold to stand a good chance of detecting the tiny bump of a dark matter particle with an atom of xenon."
"The PICO project aims to detect dark matter particles with the bubble chamber technique. The expriments are installed at a depth of 2 km in the
SNOLAB underground laboratory at Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The PICO collaboration is presently operating two dark matter search experiments: a bubble chamber filled with ~57 kg of C3F8 and
a chamber loaded with 3 kg of C3F8. A much larger version of the experiment with up to 500 kg of active mass is in development."
"COSINE-100 is a joint effort between the DM-Ice and KIMS collaborations to search for dark matter interactions in NaI(Tl) scintillating crystals.
The experimental site is located at Yangyang underground laboratory (Y2L), situated at Yangyang pumped storage power plant, with ~700 m of rock overburden. In addition to the COSINE-100 experiments, Y2L is home
to the KIMS-CsI and AMoRE experiments."
"The Edelweiss experiment is dedicated to the direct detection of dark matter particles with bolometric detectors located at the underground laboratory
of Modane (the LSM). The results of the stage II of this experiment are published, while the third phase is in scientific exploitation."
"Detectors of the DarkSide program use several innovative techniques to positively identify dark matter signals and to understand and suppress the various
backgrounds. These techniques include the use of argon from underground gas wells rather than atmospheric sources, to drastically lower the radioactive Argon background; an active neutron veto to strongly suppress neutron
backgrounds; and comprehensive measures to control background sources in the detector and photosensors."
"CRESST searches for dark matter using detectors which are operated at extremely low temperatures, where particle interactions can heat up the detectors strongly
enough in order to be detected."
"One of the most sensitive experiments for the direct detection of dark matter, DEAP-3600 has a sensitivity to dark matter interactions greater than a factor of
twenty beyond the sensitivity of current experiments."
"The SuperCDMS experiment aims to measure the recoil energy imparted to a nucleus due to collisions with WIMPs by employing detectors which are higly sensitive to
the ionization and phonon signals that results from a WIMP-nucleus collision. The detectors, known as iZIP (interleaved Z-sensitive Ionization Phonon) detectors, feature state-of-the-art superconducting thin films deposited on 600g
germanium crystals to accurately measure information about the WIMP collisions."
"DARWIN will search for WIMP dark matter over a wide mass region, in the hopes of discovering the nature of dark matter and would also be able to study its properties
such as mass, interaction strength and its local distribution in our galaxy."
"The CoGeNT experiment looks for a type of dark-matter particle called a WIMP, or Weakly Interacting Massive Particle, specifically those relatively light in mass."
"The COUPP collaboration uses bubble chambers to search for dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, or WIMPs. The bubble chamber fluid, CF3I is superheated
so that the recoiling nucleus from a scattering WIMP will nucleate a single bubble (leave a small amount of energy behind that creates a bubble)."